Your goal
You used 없어요 for absence and 아니에요 for identity or incorrect information. Now negate an action.
Before you start
- 안
- not: negates an action here
- 생활
- daily life
- 커피
- coffee
Review 마시다→마셔요 and 먹다→먹어요. Identify the action before making it negative.
Explore the situation
Two people’s routines
The table explicitly states what each person does or does not do. Do not infer unlisted habits.
Learn the expressions
| Positive | Short negative | Long negative |
|---|---|---|
| 밥을 먹어요. | 밥을 안 먹어요. | 밥을 먹지 않아요. |
| 학교에 가요. | 학교에 안 가요. | 학교에 가지 않아요. |
| 공부해요. | 공부 안 해요. | 공부하지 않아요. |
| 일해요. | 일 안 해요. | 일하지 않아요. |
Write 안 separately before the action: 안 먹어요. Attach 지 to the stem without 다, then a space and 않아요: 먹- + 지 않아요 → 먹지 않아요, not 먹어요지 않아요.
Read the conversation
Coffee habit
커피를 마셔요?
Show meaning
Do you drink coffee?
아니요. 커피를 안 마셔요.
Show meaning
No, I do not drink coffee.
An action not done
일해요?
Show meaning
Do you work?
아니요. 일하지 않아요.
Show meaning
No, I do not work.
Build a sentence
Choose an action and switch between the short and long negative. The meaning stays the same while the form changes.
Examples by condition
1
밥을 먹어요.
Example and explanation
밥을 안 먹어요.
Example and explanation
밥을 먹지 않아요.
2
학교에 가요.
Example and explanation
학교에 안 가요.
Example and explanation
학교에 가지 않아요.
3
공부해요.
Example and explanation
공부 안 해요.
Example and explanation
공부하지 않아요.
4
일해요.
Example and explanation
일 안 해요.
Example and explanation
일하지 않아요.
Sentence-piece practice
1. Use 안 to say you do not drink coffee.
Sentence pieces
- 안
- 커피
- 마셔요.
- 를
2. Write the long negative for not studying.
Sentence pieces
- 않아요.
- 공부하지
Practice
Check the situation and the expressions learned in this lesson before answering.
1. The person does not drink coffee. Choose the 안 form.
- 커피를 안 마셔요.
- 커피를 마셔요.
- 커피가 없어요.
2. Choose the -지 않아요 form of 먹다.
- 먹어요지 않아요.
- 먹다지 않아요.
- 먹지 않아요.
3. The person does not study. Choose the practiced short form.
- 공부가 아니에요.
- 공부 안 해요.
- 공부해요.
4. Choose the long negative with the same meaning as 학교에 안 가요.
- 학교에 가지 않아요.
- 학교에 가요.
- 학교가 없어요.
Try a new situation
Alternate between Yuna and Minsu using the table. Whether an action is positive or negative depends on the person. Use the requested 안 or -지 않아요 form.
Two people’s routines
Tasks
Try the tasks first, then compare with the answers and examples in step 10.
1. Describe Yuna’s coffee habit.
Two people’s routines
Show a hint
Use 안 + action, or the stem + 지 않아요. Recall 공부 안 해요 and 일 안 해요.
2. Describe Minsu’s coffee habit using 안.
Two people’s routines
Show a hint
Use 안 + action, or the stem + 지 않아요. Recall 공부 안 해요 and 일 안 해요.
3. Describe Yuna’s work using -지 않아요.
Two people’s routines
Show a hint
Use 안 + action, or the stem + 지 않아요. Recall 공부 안 해요 and 일 안 해요.
4. Describe Minsu’s work.
Two people’s routines
Show a hint
Use 안 + action, or the stem + 지 않아요. Recall 공부 안 해요 and 일 안 해요.
5. Describe Yuna’s study habit.
Two people’s routines
Show a hint
Use 안 + action, or the stem + 지 않아요. Recall 공부 안 해요 and 일 안 해요.
6. Describe Minsu’s study habit with -지 않아요.
Two people’s routines
Show a hint
Use 안 + action, or the stem + 지 않아요. Recall 공부 안 해요 and 일 안 해요.
Check your learning
Hide the model and choose an expression for the new details.
1. Yuna drinks coffee;Minsu does not. Describe Minsu.
- 민수는 커피를 마셔요.
- 유나는 커피를 안 마셔요.
- 민수는 커피를 안 마셔요.
2. Yuna does not work. Choose the long form.
- 유나는 일해지 않아요.
- 유나는 일하지 않아요.
- 유나는 일해요.
3. Choose the correctly spaced short negative.
- 밥을 안 먹어요.
- 밥을 안먹어요.
- 밥을안 먹어요.
4. Information:Minsu works. Choose the sentence.
- 민수는 일하지 않아요.
- 민수는 일을 안 해요.
- 민수는 일해요.
5. Which stem is used in 공부하지 않아요?
- 공부하다-
- 공부하-
- 공부해요-
6. What does 커피를 안 마셔요 directly tell you?
- the person does not drink coffee
- the person cannot drink coffee
- there is no coffee at home
Reflect on your reading
Tick only what you actually checked. Feedback from another person is optional and is not required to finish the lesson.
Answers and explanations
Show answers and explanations
Practice questions
1. The person does not drink coffee. Choose the 안 form.
Answer: 커피를 안 마셔요.
Write 안 separately before 마셔요.
- 커피를 마셔요. — This is positive and contradicts the detail.
- 커피가 없어요. — This means no coffee is present,not that someone does not drink it.
2. Choose the -지 않아요 form of 먹다.
Answer: 먹지 않아요.
Add 지 않아요 to stem먹-.
- 먹어요지 않아요. — Do not attach지 after어요.
- 먹다지 않아요. — Remove다 before adding지.
3. The person does not study. Choose the practiced short form.
Answer: 공부 안 해요.
Put안 between공부 and해요.
- 공부가 아니에요. — This is not an action negative.
- 공부해요. — This is positive.
4. Choose the long negative with the same meaning as 학교에 안 가요.
Answer: 학교에 가지 않아요.
가-+지 않아요 gives the same negative.
- 학교에 가요. — This says the person goes.
- 학교가 없어요. — This says there is no school.
Learning check
1. Yuna drinks coffee;Minsu does not. Describe Minsu.
Answer: 민수는 커피를 안 마셔요.
This matches Minsu’s negative detail.
- 민수는 커피를 마셔요. — This transfers Yuna’s action to Minsu.
- 유나는 커피를 안 마셔요. — The person is wrong and the statement contradicts Yuna’s detail.
2. Yuna does not work. Choose the long form.
Answer: 유나는 일하지 않아요.
Attach지 않아요 to일하-.
- 유나는 일해지 않아요. — Use stem일하-,not일해-.
- 유나는 일해요. — This is positive.
3. Choose the correctly spaced short negative.
Answer: 밥을 안 먹어요.
Separate안 from먹어요.
- 밥을 안먹어요. — Do not join안 to the verb.
- 밥을안 먹어요. — Separate밥을 from안 too.
4. Information:Minsu works. Choose the sentence.
Answer: 민수는 일해요.
This matches the positive action.
- 민수는 일하지 않아요. — This contradicts the information.
- 민수는 일을 안 해요. — This also means not working.
5. Which stem is used in 공부하지 않아요?
Answer: 공부하-
Remove다 from공부하다.
- 공부하다- — Remove다 before지.
- 공부해요- — Use the stem,not the completed polite form.
6. What does 커피를 안 마셔요 directly tell you?
Answer: the person does not drink coffee
It negates the action without stating a reason.
- the person cannot drink coffee — No inability is stated.
- there is no coffee at home — This is not a statement about possession or presence.
Example answers
Written responses are examples. Other wording can also meet the same conditions.
1. Describe Yuna’s coffee habit.
유나는 커피를 마셔요.
Yuna is marked as drinking coffee.
2. Describe Minsu’s coffee habit using 안.
민수는 커피를 안 마셔요.
Minsu does not drink it, so use 안 마셔요.
3. Describe Yuna’s work using -지 않아요.
유나는 일하지 않아요.
Attach 지 않아요 to 일하-.
4. Describe Minsu’s work.
민수는 일해요.
Minsu is marked as working.
5. Describe Yuna’s study habit.
유나는 공부해요.
Yuna studies; do not make it negative.
6. Describe Minsu’s study habit with -지 않아요.
민수는 공부하지 않아요.
Attach 지 않아요 to 공부하-.
Sentence-piece practice
1. Use 안 to say you do not drink coffee.
커피를 안 마셔요.
Use 안 + action, or the stem + 지 않아요. Recall 공부 안 해요 and 일 안 해요.
2. Write the long negative for not studying.
공부하지 않아요.
Use 안 + action, or the stem + 지 않아요. Recall 공부 안 해요 and 일 안 해요.
Review and continue
Come back to these
Rebuild without an example
Turn one positive action into both negative forms.
Change one detail
Change a time, place or action and make the sentence again. Revisit expressions you marked as difficult.
Review what felt difficult
Review expressions and examplesReview a model and rewrite it with one change. →Written checks and your attempt to speak are recorded separately.